Linux: Shell Appearance

If you ever log into a linux host, and the command prompt has only a '$', and there is no scrollable command history, then the shell may not be set to bash.

Shell Assignment

You can check what shell is assigned to the user with this:

getent passwd username

You will see something like this:

username:x:1001:1001::/home/username:/bin/bash

If the shell is something like /usr/sbin/nologin, /bin/sh, or blank, change it to bash:

sudo chsh -s /bin/bash username

Then, log out and back in, and you will have a bash shell.

Not Launching Interactively

SSH by default starts a non-login shell, and some files like .bashrc or .bash_profile may be missing.

To correct this, ensure the following files exist in the user's home directory:

# Copy default skeleton files to get a usable shell config
sudo cp /etc/skel/.bashrc /home/username/
sudo cp /etc/skel/.profile /home/username/
sudo chown username:username /home/username/.bashrc /home/username/.profile

Home Directory Permissions

If that doesn't fix it, the user's home directory may have weird permissions.

To fix that, run these:

sudo chown -R username:username /home/username
sudo chmod 755 /home/username

Bash History

Bash normally writes to ~/.bash_history.

If Bash history is not being saved on exit, you can fix it with this:

sudo touch /home/username/.bash_history
sudo chown username:username /home/username/.bash_history
chmod 600 /home/username/.bash_history

Also. Make sure the history file is not disabled, with this:

echo $HISTFILE
# Should output something like /home/username/.bash_history